3D-METAL.TECH

SN400 / SN490 vs A992: Seismic Structural Steel Equivalent Grades & Properties

SN400 and SN490 vs ASTM A992 equivalent grades, Fy/Fu ratio control, Charpy impact requirements, and seismic structural applications. JIS G3136 complete properties guide.

2026.06.03

steel

Annealing Types Explained: Full, Process, Spheroidize, Stress-Relief, and Normalizing

Five annealing treatments — full, process, spheroidize, stress-relief, and normalizing — serve different goals at different temperatures. Complete selection guide with temperature ranges, microstructure effects, and application decision tree.

2026.06.03

Heat Treatment

JIS SNCM439 Steel: AISI 4340 Equivalent — Ni-Cr-Mo Alloy Steel for Heavy-Section Parts

JIS SNCM439 is a Ni-Cr-Mo high-hardenability alloy steel nearest to AISI 4340 and EN 36CrNiMo4. Explore composition, mechanical properties, heat treatment, and selection vs. SCM440.

2026.06.02

Heat Treatment

Carburizing vs. Induction Hardening: Which Surface Treatment to Choose

Compare carburizing and induction hardening for surface-hardened steel parts. Understand case depth, suitable materials, cost, and when to choose each process.

2026.06.02

Heat Treatment

JIS SUJ2 Steel: 52100 Equivalent — High-Carbon Chromium Bearing Steel

SUJ2 (JIS G4805) is Japan's 52100-equivalent high-carbon chromium bearing steel — 1.0% C / 1.5% Cr, hardens to 62–65HRC. Full guide: 100Cr6 equivalent, heat treatment, cryogenic processing, and bearing fatigue life.

2026.06.01

steel

SUH310 Steel: AISI 310S Equivalent — Austenitic Heat-Resistant Steel for Furnace Applications up to 1100°C

SUH310 is 25Cr-20Ni austenitic heat-resistant steel for service up to 1100°C — the highest-temperature standard JIS grade for load-bearing furnace applications. Full guide with composition, creep data, carburizing atmosphere limitations, and comparison with SUH309 and SUH330.

2026.06.01

steel

JIS SUP7 Steel: SAE 9255 Equivalent — Si-Mn Spring Steel for Heavy-Duty Leaf Springs

JIS SUP7 is a Si-Mn alloy spring steel (JIS G4801) nearest to SAE 9255. Explore chemical composition, mechanical properties, heat treatment, and how it compares to SUP6 and SUP12.

2026.05.30

steel

JIS SUP3 Steel: SAE 1075 Equivalent — High-Carbon Spring Steel for Thin-Section Applications

JIS SUP3 is a high-carbon spring steel (JIS G4801) nearest to SAE 1075/1080. Learn composition, mechanical properties, heat treatment, and when to choose it over alloy spring grades.

2026.05.29

steel

SS400, S45C & SCM435: Steel Selection Guide for Mechanical Designers

SS400 (≈A36), S45C (≈1045), SCM435 (≈4135): learn how to choose the right JIS steel for your design. Includes chemical composition comparison, hardenability data, failure cases, and sourcing tips for engineers outside Japan.

2026.05.29

steel

JIS SUP12 Steel: SAE 9262 Equivalent — Si-Cr Spring Steel for High-Fatigue Applications

JIS SUP12 is a Si-Cr alloy spring steel nearest to SAE 9262. Explore chemical composition, mechanical properties, heat treatment, and selection tips vs. SUP7.

2026.05.27

steel